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Ferment in Ukraine An editorial under th is h ead line appeared in th e “New Y ork T im es” of F eb ru a ry 10, 1968, w hich outlined th e persecutions su ffered by U krainian intellec tuals and expressed th e opinion th a t “th e vaunted equality of peoples in th e USSR is a sham .” The A m erican and U krainian press has com m ented ex ten sive ly on th e secret tria ls and a r re sts w hich have tak en place in th e cities of Soviet U kraine. It is n otew orthy th a t, although th e bulk of th ese took place in p re vious years (th e earliest in 1958), no thing w as repo rted about them in th e Soviet press. Only recently have letters, docu m ents and m an uscrip ts secretly found th e ir w ay to th e F ree W orld from behind th e Iron C ur tain. They o ffer proof th a t p a tri otic U krainians had fo r m any years dem anded recognition of equal sta tu s fo r th e U krainian language, alongside th e R ussian language, and fo r th e basic h u m an rig h ts w hich have been de nied th em fo r so long. F o ur chief groups are notable am ong th e persecuted intelectu- als. Those whose lives and s tru g gle have been described by V ya cheslav Chornovil in his “Crim e of T h o u g h t’ co nstitute, by fa r, th e larg e st group. T hey are m id dle-aged m en and wom en who w ere concerned p rim arily w ith th e defense of th e ir n ative lan guage and culture. The second and th ird groups who becam e know n to us th ro u g h th e w rit ings of Ivan K andyba and L. H. Lukianenko advocate U k rain e’s political separation from th e USSR. The fo u rth group is com p rised of form er resistan ce fig h te rs of th e U k rainian In su r g ent A rm y (U P A ), m any of w hom w ere arrested and sen tenced to im prisonm ent in th e late 1940’s and early 50’s. They have been given th e longest sen tences (25 years) and th e ir im prisonm ent is extrem ely h arsh . T heir p lig h t is depicted in a le tte r of Y ury Shukhevych, son of th e fo rm er C om m ander-in- Chief of th e UPA , Gen. R om an Shukhevych (T aras C huprynka) who w as killed n ear Lviv in 1950. Y ury Shukhevych was a r rested by th e R ussian security police a t th e age of 15. His crim e? He was th e son of th e m an who gave his life in U k rain e’s uneven stru gg le ag ain st th e R ussian colonial re gime. T aras S h evch en k o: W om en’s nam es are not ab sen t from these lists of R ussian C om m unist p ris o n e rs ; th ey ap p ear m ost freq u en tly in th e last- nam ed group. K a try a Z arycka, H alyna Didyk, and O rysia Hu- siak have been im prisoned fo r over 25 years fo r organizing th e U krainian Red Cross to help wounded and sick soldiers of th e UPA. T here are o th e rs : E u hen ia K uznetsova, M yroslaw a Zw ary- chew ska, and P auly na M enkush. The last tw o have already been released, b u t in th e h a rsh reali ty of Soviet life new tria ls aw ait ф * * I t is all one to m e indeed, if I Live in U kraine or live th e re not a t all, W h eth er or no t m en let m y m em ory d ie ; H ere in an alien land, m id snows piled high, It will no t m a tte r th a t such th in g s befall. In serfdom , am ong stra n g e rs w as I reared, A nd unlam ented wholly by m y own In exile I shall die, in g rief uncheered A nd to m y nam eless g rav e shall pass alone. No trac e of me, alas, will th e n rem ain To see in all our glorious U kraine, In all th a t land of ours th a t is no t ours. No fa th e r will com m and m e to his son, T h at p ra y ers fo r m e to God he m ig h t co n fid e: “P ra y then, m y boy. F or us his course was run. F o r our U kraine he su ffered and he died.” I t is all one to m e indeed, I say, W h eth er or n o t th a t son fo r m e should p ra y . . . B u t w hile I live I cannot bear to see A wicked people come w ith c ra fty th re a t, To lull U kraine, y et strip h e r ru th lessly A nd w aken h e r am id th e flam es th e y se t — By God, th ese w rongs are n o t all one to me. S t. P e te r sb u r g ( c it a d e l) , 1847 T ran slated by C. H . A n d ru sy sh y n and W atson K irconnel НАШЕ ЖИТТЯ — БЕРЕЗЕНЬ, 1968 19
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