Skip to content
Call Us Today! 212-533-4646 | MON-FRI 12PM - 4PM (EST)
DONATE
SUBSCRIBE
Search for:
About Us
UNWLA 100
Publications
FAQ
Annual Report 2024
Annual Report 2023
Annual Report 2022
Annual Report 2021
Initiatives
Advocate
Educate
Cultivate
Care
News
Newsletters
Sign Up For Our Newsletter
Join UNWLA
Become a Member
Volunteer With Us
Donate to UNWLA
Members Portal
Calendar
Shop to Support Ukraine
Search for:
Print
Print Page
Download
Download Page
Download Right Page
Open
1
2-3
4-5
6-7
8-9
10-11
12-13
14-15
16-17
18-19
20-21
22-23
24-25
26-27
28-29
30-31
32-33
34-35
36-37
38-39
BAUBLES, BANGLES AND BEADS A N O V E R V IE W O F U K R A IN IA N G E R D A N Y B Y T A M A R A S T A D N Y C H E N K O T h e h is to ry o f glass b e a d s , fo r o rn a m e n ta tio n , e c o n o m ic a n d re lig io u s p u rp o s e s b e g in s w ith th e a n c ie n t E g y p tia n s w h o c a lle d th e b e a d s “b u s ra ” o r a rtific ia l p e a rls . T h e b e a d -m a k in g p ro c e s s o f th e e a rly E g y p tia n s w a s c o p ie d a n d re la tiv e ly u n c h a n g e d b y th e a n c ie n t G re e k s a n d th e R o m a n s w h o d is s e m in a te d th e b e a d s a n d b e a d m a k in g te c h n iq u e s to th e fa rth e s t re a c h e s o f th e ir e m p ire s . B e a d m a k in g m e th o d s w e re als o s p re a d e a s tw a rd u n d e r th e B y z a n tin e e m p ire a n d la te r, th ro u g h tra d e , u n d e r th e O tto m a n e m p ire . G la s s b e a d s w e re c re a te d b y c o m p le x , im p e rfe c t p ro c e s s e s , in c lu d in g g la s s -b lo w in g . M o lte n g la s s w as b lo w n th ro u g h a tu b e to fo rm a lo n g h o llo w rod. T h e ro d w a s s lic e d a t re la tiv e ly re g u la r in te rv a ls to c re a te b e a d s w h ic h w e re re la tiv e ly u n ifo rm in s ize . S h a p e a n d c o lo r w e re h a p h a z a rd , re fle c tin g ra w m a te ria ls a v a ila b le in th e re g io n th e b e a d s w e re m a d e a n d ev en m o re s o th e d is tin c tiv e s ty le s an d lev els o f e x p e rtis e in g la s s b lo w in g p r a c tic e d b y in d iv id u a l c ra fts m e n . T h e y w e re d iffic u lt to m a k e a n d e x p e n s iv e to o w n — w e ll c ra fte d b e a d s w e re m o re e x p e n s iv e th a n p e a rls a n d w e re re s e rv e d fo r th e u p p e r c la s s e s o r used fo r b a rte r as la te as th e 15th a n d 1 6 th c e n tu rie s . T h e w e ll k n o w n s to ry o f h o w M a n h a tta n w a s p u rc h a s e d fro m A m e ric a n In d ia n a fo r a h a n d fu l o f b e a d s m a y s e e m lu d ic ro u s to th o s e o f us w h o a re a c c u s to m e d to s e e in g g la s s b e a d s o f e v e ry s h a p e a n d h u e a v a ila b le e v e ry w h e re a t lo w p ric e s a n d s c o rn e d as c h e a p a lte rn a tiv e s to “ real je w e lr y ” . B u t to th e b u y e rs a n d s e lle rs o f M a n h a tta n , g la s s b e a d s w e re a rare a n d v a lu a b le c o m m o d ity . B e tw e e n th e 8 th a n d 1 2 th c e n tu rie s , m a s te r c ra fts m e n o f R u s ’ U k r a in e p ra c tic e d th e tim e -h o n o re d , if im p e rfe c t, m e th o d o f glass b lo w in g to c re a te glass b e ad s . T h e c u t b e a d s w e re p la c e d in to la rg e b o w ls a n d m ix e d w ith lim e , c h a rc o a l, a n d c la y . T h e lim e, c h a rc o a l an d c la y m ix tu re fille d th e h o llo w s in th e b e a d s w h ic h w e re th e n b a k e d . D u rin g th e b a k in g p ro c e s s , th e b e a d s w e re r o u n d e d . T h e tin y g la s s b e a d s w e re c ra fte d in to n e c k la c e s , g e rd a n y , o f v a rie d d e s ig n s an d sty le s . T h e s e le c tio n o f c o lo rs a n d p a tte rn s a n d te c h n iq u e s w e re p a sse d d o w n fro m g e n e ra tio n to g e n e ra tio n . D u e to T a ta r in v a s io n s a n d fre q u e n t w a rs a n d o th e r h a rd s h ip s , th e a rt o f c r e a tin g g e rd a n y d ie d o u t in th e 1 2 th c e n tu ry . M a te ria ls w e re d iffic u lt to c o m e b y a n d th e p o p u la tio n o f R u s ’ U k r a in e fo c u s e d o n su rv ival ra th e r th a n a rtis tic c re a tiv ity . W h ile U k ra in ia n b e a d c ra fts m e n a n d th e v illa g e a rti s a n s w h o c ra fte d th e g la s s b e a d s in to g e rd a n y fo c u s e d th e ir tim e a n d e ffo rt on s u rv iv a l, th e g la s s b e a d in d u s try in w e s te rn E u ro p e e v o lv e d a n d c h a n g e d . F o r m a n y c e n - Handcrafting a gerdan. tu rie s , th e d u c h y o f V e n ic e w a s th e re c o g n iz e d c e n te r o f g lass b e a d c ra ft. V e n e tia n a rtis ts h a d p e rfe c te d a s e c re t p ro c e s s w h ic h p ro d u c e d m o re b e a u tifu l a n d m o re u n i fo rm b e a d s . B u t in d u s tria l e s p io n a g e is n o t a tw e n tie th c e n tu ry in v e n tio n a n d th e s e c re t p ro c e s s w a s e v e n tu a lly s to le n a n d c a rrie d o u t o f V e n ic e , c u rta ilin g th e c e n tu r ie s ’ lo n g m o n o p o ly . O n e o f th e a rtis a n s w h o h a d m a s te re d th e te c h n iq u e fle d w ith th e s e c re t to B o h e m ia w h e re th e p ro c e s s w a s im p ro v e d u p o n b y J o h a n n K u n c k e l w h o p e rfe c te d a m e th o d o f c o lo rin g b e a d s by m ix in g m o lte n g la s s w ith v a rio u s e le m e n ts th a t p ro d u c e d a tin t in th e fin is h e d b e a d . E v e n tu a lly g la s s b lo w in g w a s re p la c e d b y a m e c h a n iz e d p ro c e s s a n d b e a d s b e c a m e m o re u n ifo rm , m o re p le n tifu l. T h e c h a n g e s in th e p ro d u c tio n o f g la s s b e a d s w e re e v e n tu a lly in tro d u c e d to U k ra in e a n d in th e 1 8 0 0 ’s a m e c h a n iz e d b e a d fa c to ry w a s e s ta b lis h e d in K iev an d th e a rt o f m a k in g g e rd a n y , w h ic h h a d re s u rfa c e d in U k ra in e d u rin g th e 1 7 th c e n tu ry , b e c a m e in c re a s in g ly m o re w id e s p re a d a n d m o re p o p u la r. D u rin g th e e a rly re n a is s a n c e o f g e rd a n y , th e y w e re th e e x c lu s iv e p ro v in c e o f th e n o b ility w h o w e re w e a lth y e n o u g h to p u r c h a s e g la s s b e a d s a n d h a v e th e m fa s h io n e d in to o rn a m e n ts . M e c h a n iz a tio n m a d e m a te ria ls a c c e s s ib le to e v e ry o n e a n d g e rd a n y , e s p e c ia lly in th e C a rp a th ia n M o u n ta in НАШЕ ЖИТТЯ”, ВЕРЕСЕНЬ 1995 19
Page load link
Go to Top
1 
2-3 
4-5 
6-7 
8-9 
10-11 
12-13 
14-15 
16-17 
18-19 
20-21 
22-23 
24-25 
26-27 
28-29 
30-31 
32-33 
34-35 
36-37 
38-39 
