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stressed the need for drastic and radical changes in atti tude and policy by the government, changes that can be implemented only when the social, political and eco nomic situation in Ukraine improve. Alexandra Isaievych-Mason, a UNWLA mem ber who was a beneficiary of the UNWLA's extensive scholarship program spoke on the trafficking of women, enumerating the "push" and "pull" factors that are the major causes of this problem which range from stalled economic reforms in Ukraine to empty promises made by unscrupulous individuals who profit from the des peration of young women who hope to improve their lot by finding work abroad. She also touched upon the topic of attempting to help women from Ukraine find gainful employment in the United States and is currently preparing a background paper, for the U.S. Department of Labor on this matter, on behalf of the UNWLA. Economist Harriet Harper of the Women's Bu reau of the U.S. Labor Department spoke on the com plexity of legal and bureaucratic structures that play a role in preventing women from Ukraine from obtaining legitimate jobs in the United States. Ms. Harper indi cated that the problem is not insurmountable, but that changes can be implemented only if the governmental agencies involved in these issues are better informed and thus better equipped to deal with the issue. She added that the trafficking issue has become an important item of the current administration's agenda and that ac tive steps are being taken to combat the problem through international cooperation in law enforcement and in education programs targeting potential victims of trafficking. The final session of the UNWLA's program dealt with the topic of bio-technology. Advocating bio technology as a scientific advancement that will benefit humanity in food production and in combatting diseases was Dr. L. Val Giddens, Vice President for Food and Agriculture with Biotechnology Industry Organization of Washington, D.C. Dr. Giddens cited such benefits as the creation of non-toxic pesticides and herbicides and the capacity for producing greater quantities of food while limiting and even decreasing the amount of farm acreage required for food production in an already crowded world. In an extensive and multi-faceted rebuttal to this position was a presentation by biologist Tamara E. Raven, Vice President of the National Council of Women, who contended that research in the area was neither precise nor predictable and that the results could be dangerous. Dr. Raven referred to bio-engineering as a form of biological pollution, cautioning that threats to the environment include the creation of alien species that could damage an already fragile ecosystem. She cited historical precedents of technological and scien tific advances that have had such unforeseen conse quences as global warming and a plethora of health problems. The session ended with a lively discussion on these topics and on the moral and ethical implica tions of biotechnological research. JOINT CONFERENCE OF UKRAINIAN AMERICAN ORGANIZATIONS PLENARY SESSION OF THE WASHINGTON GROUP TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN Presentation o f UNWLA President IRYNA KUROWYCKYJ Trafficking in women and girls has become one of the fastest growing criminal enterprises in the world. An estimated one to two million women and girls are trafficked annually around the world, generally for the purpose of forced labor, domestic servitude or sexual exploitation. This increasingly serious problem is having an impact on all nations, especially Ukraine and other Eastern European countries. In the last ten years, more than four hundred thousand women under the age of 30 have left Ukraine and many of these have been victims of trafficking. Why do women let themselves be lured into this kind of exploitation. The problem can be traced to the economic crisis in Ukraine where women make up 72% of all officially registered unemployed and respond by trying to get any sort of a job. Traffickers in women, much like narcotics traf fickers, operate boldly across international borders, us ing modem means of communication and trade. They lure victims with advertisements and false promises of jobs as nannies, waitresses, sales clerks, and models. The advertisements are most effective in small provin 20 НАШЕ ЖИТТЯ”, ВЕРЕСЕНЬ 1999 Видання C оюзу Українок A мерики - перевидано в електронному форматі в 2012 році . A рхів C У A - Ню Йорк , Н . Й . C Ш A.
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