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NIKIFOR EXHIBIT AT THE UKRAINIAN MUSEUM T o c o m m e m o ra te th e te n th a n n iv e rs a ry o f th e de a th o f the n o ted p rim itiv e a rtis t N ik ifo r, a la rg e n u m b e r o f his w o rk s are b e in g e x h ib ite d at T h e U k ra in ia n M use u m fro m N o v e m b e r 11, 1978 th ro u g h J a n u a ry 28, 1979 N ik ifo r b o rn in 1895 began to p a in t in his te e n s and, a lth o u g h liv in g in th e ru ra l and rem o te w e ste rn p a rt o f th e C a rp a th ia n M o u n ta in s , th e L e m k o reg io n , had his w o rk s h o w n in Paris in 1932. C o n tin u in g to live and w o rk in his n a tiv e land u n til his d e a th in 1968, N ik ifo r p ro d u c e d an a m a z in g n u m b e r o f aza re lle s, w a te r c o lo rs , g o u a c h e s and c ra y o n w o rk s w h ic h becam e in c re a s in g ly a p p re c ia te d , and p o p u la r. N ik ifo r ’s w o rk re fle c ts his s im p le p e a s a n t o rig in and u p b rin g in g . H is w o rk is d o m in a te d b y re lig io u s m o tifs , a rc h ite c tu ra l s tru c tu re s and la n d sca pe s. H is fa v o ra te c o lo rs w e re red and g re e n and he w o rk e d in s e ries p ro d u c in g a n u m b e r o f w o rk s p e rta in in g to th e sam e im a g e o r th e m e , y e t each o n e u n iq u e and d iffe re n t. H is p a in tin g s and w a te r c o lo rs o f b u ild in g s and c h u rc h e s aro th e m o s t in te re s tin g and re fle c t th e a rtis t’s fa s c in a tio n w ith and a p p re c ia tio n o f a rc h ite c tu re . His w o rk do e s n o t la c k h u m o r and he d id n o t h e s ita te to ta k e th e h u m a n needs a n d c o m fo rts o f s a in ts in to c o n s id e ra tio n . He d e p ic ts s a in ts as c o n te m p o ra rie s , id e n tifia b le as s u c h o n ly by th e ir h alos. It is q u ite h u m o ro u s to see s a in ts w ith fu r c a p s to p ro te c t th e ir ea rs fro m th e w in te r c o ld o r rid in g in c a rria g e s w ith b y c ic le tire s on th e ir w h e e ls to in s u re a s m o o th ride. N ik ifo r w as v e ry v e rs a tile in his use o f m e d ia and a d o p te d his w o rk to th e m a te ria l a va ila b le . W hen he c o u ld o n ly g e t la ve n d er p a p e r he p ro d u c e d a se ries o f w o rk s d e p ic tin g th e in te rio rs o f C h u rc h e s w o rk in g w ith th e c o lo r and in c o rp o ra tin g it as p a rt o f th e b a c k g ro u n d . Illite ra te and u n e d u c a te , N ik ifo r had d iffic u lty e x p re s s in g h im s e lf v e rb a lly w h ic h m ay p a rtia lly e x p la in th e v o lu m in o u s a m o u n t o f w o rk th a t he p ro d u c e d . A lth o u g h N ik ifo r ’s w o rk s s o m e tim e s a p p ea rs a w k w a rd a n d v e ry u n c o n v e n tio n a l, th e y d is p la y g re a t im a g in a tio n a n d a rtis tic Никифор з Криниці. Дорога до церкви, аквареле Nikifor of Krynica. A road to church, watercoior inve n tive ne ss. T h e w o rk is a tr ib u te to th e s in c e re ty and a lm o s t c h ild -lik e n a iv e ty o f th is e x c e p tio n a l a rtis t. H is w o rk s w e re e x h ib ite d in th e m a jo r c itie s o f th e w o rld , in c lu d in g R om e, A m s te rd a m , L o n d o n , Sao P aulo, H aifa, C h ic a g o and N ew Y o rk. T h e firs t A m e ric a n s h o w in g o f N ik ifo r ’s w o rk s w as in 1961 in C h ic a g o at th e C o n te m p o ra ry A r t G a lle ry ; the fo llo w in g y e a r his w o rk w as in c lu d e d in an in te rn a tio n a l s h o w at C h ic a g o ’s G res G a lle ry . N ew Y o rk e rs ’ w e re in tro d u c e d to his w o rk s d u rin g th e 1966 and 1968 A n n u a l In te rn a tio n a l N aive A r t E x h ib its at th e La B o e tie G a lle ry and in 1967 a o n e man s h o w w as h e ld at th e B o d le y G a lle ry . O ve r th e ye a rs n u m e ro u s a rtic le s , c ritiq u e s and c o m m e n ta rie s have a p p ea re d in v a rio u s la n g u a g e s d is c u s s in g N ik ifo r's u n u s u a l style, c o m p o s itio n and th e c o lo ris tic s e n s itiv ity and s u b tle ty w h ic h c h a ra c te riz e his w o rk s . titudes of Soviet husbands. Divorces are rising and one out of three marriages ends in separation. The birthrate is also dropping and this appears to be by feminine choice. Although the pill is not an ap proved method of birth control, many women undergo as many as three or four abortions in their lifetimes. Only 4 out of 100 Soviet families own automobiles, very few women know how to drive, even though some women operate heavy machinery on construction sites. An acute housing shortage forces newlyweds to share cramped quarters with elderly relatives as they wait 5 or 10 years for an apartment of their own. Women are the backbone of the Soviet family. When the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda published a poll of 100 households, it found that in 90 out of the 100 households polled, wives described themselves as head of the family — and the husband agreed. * Fashion is still a novelty in the USSR. Clothing must be "socialistic” and styles and prices must be acces sible to all. This results in conservative, old-fashioned clothing that most Western women would shun. If a woman wants a better style, she will buy a pattern and have a private seamstress make a dress for her, if she can find a suitable fabric on the market, which is more easily said than done. Cosmetics are not worn as much as in the West. Interestingly enough, it’s the younger women who wear the most makeup. And wigs are a highly-prized item, ob tainable only from the West. To Western eyes, Soviet women appear to be more masculine than feminine. This might be expected in a society where, as Jean Knight indicates, "women are re quired to sweep streets, shovel snow, log timber and construct apartment buildings.”
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