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20 “НАШЕ ЖИТТЯ”, ТРАВЕНЬ 2010 At the Crossro ads of History: Background Notes Ukraine and Sweden appear to be at opposite ends of Europe. In reality, they have enjoyed exceptionally close relations for more than one thousand years, ever since Eastern Europe’s main trade route — from the Varangians in the north to Byzantium in the south – led through Ukraine’s capital, Kyiv. The longstanding relationship between Ukraine and Sweden necessitates a fundamental reconsideration of the history and culture of Eastern Europe. The conventional wisdom views Eas tern Europe as the space between Russia and the West. The Ukrainian Museum’s upcoming exhibition, Ukraine – Sweden: At the Crossroads of History , demonstrates that Eastern Europe was a dynamic, richly textured, and self - contained region that evolved both int ernally — as a result of north - south and east - west interactions — and externally, by resisting Russian expansion from the east. The two most dramatic centuries of the Ukraine – Sweden relationship — the 17th and the 18 th — are the focus of this exhibition. As the U krainian Cossacks tried to carve out an independent state, they sought, and received, the support of Sweden, one of Europe’s greatest powers at the time. Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky enlisted Swedish support against Poland just before he died in 1657. That sa me year, his successor Ivan Vyhovsky signed a treaty with Charles X Gustav, in which Sweden recognized Ukraine as “a free people, subject to no one.” In 1709, Hetman Ivan Mazepa and King Charles XII sealed a military - political union in anticipation of war with Russia, but the Ukrainian - Swedish alliance went down to defeat at the Battle of Poltava. That crucial encounter marked Peter the Great’s triumph and inadvertently spawned a European fascination with the tragic Ukrainian Hetman. Although centuries of e xploitation, statelessness, and warfare subsequently destroyed much of the cultural legacy of this important period in Ukrainian and Swedish history, the rare Cossack artifacts held in Swedish museums, archives, and libraries survived. Many of those unique items, along with artifacts from Ukraine and several private collections, are being shown for the first time in North America as part of Ukraine – Sweden: At the Crossroads of History . Professor Alexander J. Motyl Rutgers University Hetman’s Mace ( Bulava) Видання C оюзу Українок A мерики - перевидано в електронному форматі в 2012 році . A рхів C У A - Ню Йорк , Н . Й . C Ш A.
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