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History tells us that democratic principles are produced by events and codified and enforced by principled people. The Magna Carta, the great charter of English liberties granted by King John under threat of civil war, was passed in 1215. This law was superseded by the British Bill of Rights of 1689, a document which served as the basis for the American Bill of Rights, the first 10 amendments of the U.S. Constitution, which was approved in December 1787 and later served as an example for many other countries. Rus’ka Pravda, Ukraine’s Code of Rights, was written by the great Prince Yaroslav in 1031. The laws encoded by Yaroslav endured for many centuries until Ukraine, a military republic under Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, united with the Czarist Russia in 1654. In the treaty of Pereyaslav, democratic privileges were guaranteed for the Ukrainian people. The Czar confirmed these rights and privileges on March 27, 1654, but the terms of the treaty and Czar’s confirmation were all too soon violated and Ukraine and her people were virtually enslaved. On January 22, 1918, the Ukrainian Rada (Council) proclaimed democratic principles for a free Ukraine, the chief guardians of which were the members of the Ukrainian Republic’s Supreme Court who were appointed by the Parliament. Fifteen years ago Ukraine proclaimed Independence and, once again, the nation’s constitution was ratified. Where the nation goes from this point is now in the hands of Ukrainian people and the government, and we wish them well. In September, our organization, which is also governed by laws and principles, is resuming its work after a summer hiatus. Two events that occurred during the summer are worth noting. At the Ukrainian Consulate, we bid farewell to 16 students who left to pursue summer studies at the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. On July 27, a reception was organized for members of Congress and their families at the Capitol. The reception was attended by representatives of many ethnic U.S. organizations, and the UNWLA was invited to participate for the first time. The Ukrainian table at this event was organized by the Coalition for a Secure and Democratic Ukraine, along with the Embassy of Ukraine. The following groups were represented: the U.S.-Ukraine Foundation, Ukraine-U.S. Business Council, the Ukrainian American Coordination Council, the Ukrainian Federation of America, the Ukrainian National Women’s League of America, and the coalition for a Secure and Democratic Ukraine (the successor of the Jackson-Vanick Graduation Coalition). The President and Executive Committee o f the UNWLA wish to express sincere condolences to the fam ily o f Our L ife’s English-language editor Tamara Stadnychenko, whose mother, Alexandra Stadnychenko, passed away on August 6, 2006. In lieu o f flowers, the following have made donations to Our Life Press Fund: Iryna Kurowyckyj $50, Julia and Olga Jakubowsky $100, the Regional Council o f Upstate New York $25. Poisoned Nations: The Aftermath of Chornobyl by Ulyana Horodyskyj On April 26, 1986, a devastating accident shook the Ukrainian community of Chornobyl. The night of the explosion, operators were running tests to see how long the generators could run without power from the reactor. They could not turn off the reactor completely, so instead, they greatly reduced the power it produced. Unfortunately, this type of reactor is unstable at low power levels. Any in crease in steam production can the boost the energy production in a reactor very quickly, eventually driving the reactor out of control. As the energy produces more steam, the elevated steam level pro duces more energy, and as the cycle continues, we have the perfect ingredients for an explosion. Even more unfortunately, the operators had also disabled automatic safety systems that would have interfered with their tests, and it took only about three seconds for the testing process to go wrong. In the immediate aftermath, the hot reactor core became exposed to air and started to bum. As a result, all of the fuel inside was released as radio active smoke, which was then carried by the wind to Видання C оюзу Українок A мерики - перевидано в електронному форматі в 2012 році . A рхів C У A - Ню Йорк , Н . Й . C Ш A.
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