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Our Life | Наше життя November | Листопад 2020 Between 1932 and 1933, millions of Ukrainian men, women, and children starved to death in a Great Famine that has become known as the Holodomor. Unlike most such catastrophes, the Holodomor was caused not by a natural disaster but by the actions of a ruthless totalitarian regime. As such, it ranks as one of civilization’s greatest atrocities. The number of victims has not yet been determined, but ongoing demographic and archival research has placed the number between 3 and 6 million. Official Ukrainian government estimates are higher still. The Holodomor was precipitated by Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin’s policy of collectivization, under which all privately owned land was expropriated and peasants were herded onto collective farms. Stalin hoped that the collective farms would feed the growing number of urban industrial workers and at the same time supply substantial amounts of grain for sale abroad; the proceeds could then be used to finance further industrialization throughout the Soviet Union. When Ukraine’s fiercely independent peasant farmers refused to relinquish their land, however, Stalin decided to eliminate them altogether. This process took two forms. First, hundreds of thousands of peasant farmers who resisted collectivization were forcibly removed from their A collective farm’s first shipment of grain, 1930. The banner on the truck reads: “Instead of kulak bread – socialist bread.” 6 THE UKRAINIAN MUSEUM 222 East 6th Street, New York, NY 10003 www.ukrainianmuseum.org Give Up Your Daily Bread... Holodomor: The Totalitarian Solution In 2003, The Ukrainian Museum commemorated the 70th anniversary of the Holodomor by working with the Permanent Mission of Ukraine to the United Nations to organize the first exhibition about the tragedy to be shown at the United Nations. A version of this exhibition was presented at the Museum in 2013, on the 80th anniversary of the Holodomor. The text and photos on these two pages are extracted and adapted from those exhibitions. Ukrainian peasants handing in their grain to the collective farm, Nymyriv, Vinnytsia region, 1929. Evicting a peasant family from its home in the Donetsk region, 1930. As the Famine in the countryside intensified in 1933, peasants swarmed railroad stations, trying to get to cities in their search for food. Sacks of grain being submitted at the “Union Bread” collective in the Kaharlyk village, Kyiv region, 1932. The death of a peasant on a street in Kharkiv, spring 1933.
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