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ABOUT WOMEN F O C U S O N H E A L T H S T R E S S : A N E W E N E M Y F O R W O M E N At a recent series of lectures on women and stress, held at St. Lukes-Roosevelt Hospital Center in New York City, the emphasis was on the problem that women cannot see choices in a situation. An administrator at the hospital said that many women view their decisions in various situations as “irreversible” thereby putting themselves right in the middle of stress. According to Partice O’Connor, coordinator of the center’s hospice program, women fail to see alterna tives. “Women tend to see the world as black and white. We make decisions that are either-or. There isn’t one perfect answer for everything.” The director of social work at the Roosevelt Div ision said that many women act this way because they see it as a man’s response to stress, and therefore a bet ter one. Stress and poor health is a combination that seems to prevail more among married elderly women than sin gle women in that age bracket or men. Because they are fulfilling their traditional female roles, these women care for everyone before they care for themselves. When they do get around to their own needs, their emotional state as well as their physical leaves much to be desired. C a m p a ig n to S to p S m o k in g The American Medical Women’s Association (AMWA) has launched a nationwide campaign to discourage women from smoking. The 10,000 member organization will underwrite this campaign because it considers smoking a particular problem concerning the health of women. Estimates of the American Cancer Society show that by the end of this year 41,100 women will die of lung cancer. Last year deaths from lung cancer outnumbered those caused by breast cancer as the leading cancer killer of women. Smoking is also linked to many chronic conditions and diseases besides lung cancer, such as heart attacks, cardiovascular disease, strokes, and emphysema. Of particular interest to AMWA are the problems caused by smoking related to pregnancy and childbirth. Increased risk of a miscarriage, premature delivery, lower birth weight of the infant and neonatal death are linked to smoking. The AMWA sent letters to editors of women’s maga zines that accept cigarette advertising, urging them to publish articles specifically geared to teenagers about the dangers of smoking. Although smoking rates for all groups are on a general decline, those for teenage girls are decreasing more slowly. Teens are also considered more vulnerable to tobacco advertising. The educational campaign will model itself on pro grams presently used at the Universities of Buffalo and Kentucky, where female medical students visit elemen tary and junior high schools to work with students on health education, with particular emphasis on the effects of smoking. A rth ritis Arthritis is the nation’s most chronic disease. Approxi mately 8 million people under the age of 45, including more than 250,000 children suffer from some form of arthritis, says the National Arthritis Foundation. 20 mil lion older Americans also have the disease. Dr. Allan Gibofsky, MD, a rheumatologist and vice president of the medical and scientific committee of the New York Chapter of the Arthritis Foundation, stated, “The earlier a diagnosis is made, the earlier therapy can begin and the greater likelihood of minimizing joint deformity and destruction.” Literally, arthritis means inflammation of the joints between two bones. However, the name may describe many other diseases which cause aches and pains not only in the joints, but in other parts of the muscular and skeletal system. Why arthritis develops is still not fully understood by medicine, but heredity, viruses, obesity, injury and wear-and-tear on the body are all believed to contribute to it. Some of the most common types of arthritis are: 1. O s te o a rth ritis it occurs when the cartilage between two bones wears thin, so that movement causes the bones to rub against each other. Spurs, or small points of bone may form on the joints, particularly in fingers, hips and knees. This condition also effects the muscles surrounding the joints, and they may either be over worked or under worked, but aching persists in either case. Symptoms vary from mild pain to a long-lasting, inflamed condition. This particular form of arthritis ef fects the middle-aged or older individual. 2. R h e u m a to id a rth ritis effects younger people, pre dominantly women in whom early symptoms may occur between the ages of 20 and 55. It is considered the most destructive form of arthritis. This condition is caused by an inflammation of sy no v iu m (lubricating fluid secreted at bone joints), during which cartilage is destroyed, causing the joint to become rigid and misshapen. The causes of this particular type of arthritis has not been thoroughly determined, perhaps an infection which interferes with the body’s immune system. 3. G o u t — suffered by about 2 million Americans, 95 percent of them men. This disease is the result of an accumulation of excess uric acid in the joints. Areas involved are the large joint of the big toe, the instep, НАШЕ ЖИТТЯ”, ЛИСТОПАД 1986 23
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