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AENEAS, TROJAN HERO AND ENEI, UKRAINIAN KOZAK IN THE ADVENTURES OF KOZAK ENEI (1969) An animated film based on Ivan Kotliarevsky's Eneida (1798) by HELENE TURKEWYCH-SANKO Aeneas is the hero of the Aeneid one of the world's great epic poems, written in Latin by the Roman poet Virgil between 30 and 19 B.C. Virgil did not create the character of Aeneas; he relied on Greek mythology which made Aeneas (Aphrodite's son) an active defender of the Greek city of Troy. Troy was an ancient city in Asia Minor, celebreated in the legendary Greek poems The Iliad and The Odyssey, attributed to Homer who lived during the 700's B.C. The city was very prosperous and extended its power along the Black Sea Coast where the Greeks had many colonial settlements. After the destruction of Troy, Trojans traveled west from Asia Minor to Italy. In his Aeneid , Virgil tells the story of the wanderings of the Trojan hero Aeneas and glorifies the many virtues of the Roman people with whom the Trojans united. Twelve books comprise Virgil's Aeneid. It is a narrative poem with a high degree of unity owing to ite singleness of vision and the inter-relationship of all its episodes to the main theme of Rome, the Empire and Destiny. Virgil makes Aeneas the object of a divine machinery which centers in the unending hostility between Venus (Aeneas' mother) and Juno. In Roman mythology, Juno is the queen of the gods, the sister and wife of Jupiter. Book I recounts the shipwreck of the Trojans off the coast of Carthage and their welcome by Dido, the queen of Carthage. In Books II and III, Aeneas relates (at a banquet) the story of the fall of Troy, his adventures on his westward journey and his father's death in Sicily. Books Iv and V retell Aeneas' love affair with Dido, his departure from Carthage, and Dido's suicide. In Book VI, Aeneas reaches Italy and participates in funeral games. At Cumae, he visits the underworld. In Book Vii, the basic theme is the rivalry between Aeneas and Tumus, the leader of the Rutulians, for the hand of Lavinia, daughter of King Latinus. War breaks out. In Book VIII, Aeneas goes to the site of Rome. In Book IX, he goes to Etruria to seek allies and during his absence, Tumus attacks the Trojan camp. In Book X, Aeneas returns with his allies and the first great battle takes place. Book XI is marked by the death of the warrior princess Camilla. Book XII describes the combat between Aeneas and Tumus, the wounding and recovery of Aeneas, and the final victory over Tumus. Aeneas marries Lavinia and the Trojans are united to the Latins to become the ancestors of the Roman people. Ivan Kotliarevsky (1769-1838) (1769-1838) composed his long poem Eneida (1798) as a hilarious mock translation of Virgil's Aeneid. In Kotliarevsky's work, the heor is Enei, a Ukrainian Kozak. The Greek gods from Mount Olympus appear as Ukrainian gentry. The poem retells the story of Ukrainian people and glorifies the virtues and invincible spirit of the Kozaks. Eneida is considered the cornerstone of modem Ukrainian literature for two reasons: it was written in Ukrainian at a time when writing in Ukrainian was a daring activity, and it shows that Ukrainian writers had a solid grounding in the study of the Classics. Pretending that he was merely translating Virgil's epic poem from Latin into Ukrainian, Ivan Kotliarevsky created a new epic poem, the epic poem of the Ukrainian people. In this context, Troy is transformed from a city in Asia Minor into Ukraine; the Trojan heroes are transformed into Ukrainian Kozaks. A Kozak was a military man who freely chose to isolate himself from his family to join a military body whose purpose was to protect the Ukrainian steppes from invaders. Throughout history, the faces of the invaders changed. They could be the Turks and Tatrs who would raid the countryside on a yearly basis and take men, women and children to the slave markets of Constantinople. It could be the Poles who would incessantly claim the Ukrainian plains west of the Dnipro River as their own. It could be the troops of the Duke of Muscovy who first took the title of "Tsar" (from the Persian "leader") and by 1722, the title "Czar" (or Caesar), claiming the territory of Kievan Rus' as his ancestral land. The Adventures of Kozak Enei (Prolog Video, Inc.) is the title given to an animated film based on Kotliarevky's Eneida. There are two versions: one edited for children (30 minutes) and a longer one for adults. In the animated film, which renders Kotliarevsky's interpretation of Virgil's Aeneid, the ’’НАШЕ ЖИТТЯ”, ЛЮТИЙ 1998 19
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