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ABOUT WOMEN Its Uphill all the way... “Despite years of progress in the workplace, American women stil face job discrimination so deep and perva sive that it will be years before they begin to approach parity with male worker, experts say”. This was the opening paragraph of a front page article written by Wil liam Serrin in the November 25, 1984 New York Times. Although Janet L. Norwood, United States Commissioner of Labor Statistics said that “Women clearly are doing much better than they have ever done before,” Mr. Ser rin proceeds to point out that looking at the big picture of the labor market, the status of women has shifted in a different direction, rather than changed over the years. In the scientific, engineering and social science professions according to a 1983 survey by the College Placement Countil, the starting salaries for both men and women were more or less on par, but the rest of the labor picture is not so well balanced. One of the prob lems according to Mrs. Norwood is that the majority of working women are in low-paying jobs, employed by low-paying industries such as service, retail or state and local governments. Declines in manufacturing employ ment have prevented women from seeking higher-paid blue colar jobs in industries such as automobiles, steel and rubber. Reorganization of work with the advent of computers, as well as the export of many textile, shoe, clothing, toy and electronics jobs usualy held by women, has caused many difficulties. Mary C. Murphree, a con sultant to the Federal Women’s Bureau, a branch of the Department of Labor said that although new, previously non-existant jobs are being created, they are low-level word and data processing jobs. In spite of these problems, in 1983 52.9 percent of Americans were in the labor field and according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics 7 aut of every 10 jobs in 1980’s and 1990’s will be taken by women. Percentagewise, women have increased their ratio in some well paying jobs, as an example, bartendering, from 11 to 50 per cent, engineering from 1 to 6 percent or bus driving from 12 to 47 percent, and the number of women lawy ers has increased — women make up about 15 percent of the total law profession. However, the high numbers appear in moderate and low-paying jobs where women account for the majority of the work force, such as secretaries 99 percent, typists 97 percent, bookkeepers and bank tellers 96 percent, cashiers 87 percent, food service workers 75 percent and elementary school teachers 82 percent. Mr. Serrin points out that some experts are dis turbed at the continuous employment of many women at low-paying jobs because a great number of women are heads of households. According to government sta tistics about 10 million families are without a male wage earner. Catalyst, a research group which works to place women on corporate boards, says that only about 8 of every 1,000 employed women hold high level executive, administrative or managerial positions. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, among the occupations expected to grow the most by 1995, many are those usually held by women. They are legal assistants, computer programmers, physical therapy assistants and bank clerks. The first women candidate It is most pleasing to Elizabeth Griffith, author of a book entitled The Life of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, published by Oxford University Press, that her work made its appearance at the time Geraldine Ferraro was running for the office of the Vice President of the United States because Mrs. Stanton was the first woman political can didate in the U.S. She ran for Congress in 1866 from the 10th District in New York State. She ran as an inde pendent and received 24 male votes, since women could not vote at that time. For women only The National Museum of Women’s Art is expected to open in 1986 in Washington D.C. Devoted exclusively to art by women it may be the only such institution in the world, according to the American Association of Muse ums. Founded by Wilhelmina Holladay, art collector and philanthropist, the museum already houses approxi mately 100 artworks by women collected by Mrs. Holla day. The museum, which will be housed in an architec turally stunning 1907 Masonic Temple building just a few blocks from the White House, already boasts an extensive library of books, catalogs and other material pertinent to women in art. Plans for advanced study and resource center are also being finalized, according to Patricia Kessler, volunteer coordinator of the museum. Funded by corporation and individuals, the museum will be an independent, nonprofit institution. The spirit of the Pacific isles The American Museum of Natural History in New York has opened a new permanent exhibition, the Margaret Mead Hall of Pacific Peoples, which highlights the achievements of the world renowned anthropologist and displays the materials she collected during her career. Author of Coming of Age in Samoa, Ms. Mead has devoted most of her life to the study of the development of primitive societies in the South Pacific. ’НАШЕ ЖИТТЯ”, ГРУДЕНЬ 1984 21
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