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U K R A I N I A N W O M A N OUR ENGLISH COLUMN THE UKRAINIAN WOMAN IN SCIENCE The Ukrainian woman has s i n c e ancient times manifested her af fection for enlightenment. This has been especially demonstrated when at the beginning of the 19th century the freedom-lbving slo gans resounded from the West. The doors o-f the universities were then closed to Ukrainian women, like in most countries of Europe. Therefore the Ukrainian women were leaving in 1870-ies for Switzerland to -study in the col leges. On returning* with their diplomas as physicians or teach ers they were dreaming merely of working for the masses of people, for the underling. But even schol arly work 'by women would then be inadmissible. In time, after tihe European universities ’had opened -their ga'tes for the women, higher ed ucational institutions were found ed (during Czarist regime) in Ukraine, in large cities like Kiev, Kharkiv, Odessa, where the wo men were also admitted. For ex ample, in Kiev the Froe/bel coed ucational higher medical institute was established. There was a great influx of girls to these schools. There were schools of dentistry, a school for midwives and a Zemstvo feldscher school (for assistant surgeons) in Kiev, where mostly peasant girls were studying. These schools gave to Ukraine many educated women in various fields. During World War I there were more women feld- schers in the Rus'sian army than in other armies engaged in the war. In the first ranks of educated women in Ukraine some have al ready distinguished themselves as proficient scholars. Olexandra Efimenko was active а-s professor of history, Catherine Hrushevska, daughter of the celebrated histor ian, was engaged in historical re search, and Olena Kurillo special ized in linguistic studies. Tihe revolution of 1917 made the women legally equal with men. The gir 1 s: gained admittance to universities in the domain where up till that time the women had no special institutes of their own, as of agriculture, forestry, school for veterinarians, zooteclhnology, surveying statistics, economy. Soon there appeared among them specialists who were working at experimental stations, in labor a- toris, as well as college profes sors. Later on we find scientific workers, at economic and meteor ological abservations, women ar- cheologists, in charge of scientific expeditions, and women archi tects. Women physicians are like wise engaged in scientific disco veries in the province of physiolo gy, bacteriology and pathology. Tihe women have also perform ed important erudite work in the sphere of history, literature, lin guistics, pedology, and in studies of art. The trend toward education was growing continually. The number of women college gradu ates is ever increasing and there are more and more women en gaged in varied fields of life. And there are ever more scholars among them. True, all these scientific work ers have no freedom of expression in their studies. They are denied the right to express their original thouigiht, in particular they have no liberty in scientific research in Ukrainian language and literat ure. Those who refused to take official dictates with regard to studies, or were working too os tensibly for the good of their peo ple, paid dearly for their endeav ors. Some were exiled, others were liquidated on the spot. Only an insignificant пшпЬег of them managed to escape in the course of World War II. At present they remain in the free world. The ma jority of them are already em ployed professionally and are con tinuing their scientific research. Some of tlheni, like Prof. Natalie Vasilenko Polonska, a historian, Dr. E. Smal'ko, a psychologist, Halina Selehen, a demographer, and N. Osadcha Yanata, may be mentioned here. Others who live and work in Ukraine, may not be named for they might be subject ed to severe repression for just having been mentioned in free press. Similar plight might await their families. Still they а-re labor ing in the quiet of their studies and laboratories, not for the sake of glory but for the completion of their hard task. We believe, how ever, that the time will come when their accomplishments and merits shall be divulged to the world. N. H. Т о All Our Friends and Subscribers THE VERY BEST WISHES OF A MERRY CHRISTMAS and A HAPPY NEW YEAR
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