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24 «ЖІНОЧИЙ СВІТ» FACTS ABOUT UKRAINE Resources THE UKRAINIAN territories are immensely fertile and rich in mineral wealth. Since the time of Hero- dotus the territory of Ukraine has been known as the “granary of Europe,” and in the last century it became famous for its extensive production of wheat, maize, sugar-beet, etc. There are besides, huge deposits of coal, iron, quick-silver and Salt, tobacco and орав oil wells may be found in Ukraine both under Soviet Russia and under Poland. Soviet official statistics declare that Ukraine has 20 to 25% of the gross agricultural produce, nearly one-fifth (18.5%) of all the industries of the Union, over one-half of the metal (55.8%), 76.8% of the coal, 89%, of the coke, 77% of the iron ore and 80% of the sugar of the Soviet Union. It has always been the policy of Russia to exploit Ukraine by exporting the materials of Ukraine into Russia and there utilizing them in the proc manufacturing. Ukraine has all of the possibiliti respect to natural resources and transportation facili- raw ess of in Harvest in Ukraine ties, to be self-sustaining. The geographical position of Ukraine, bordering on the Black Sea, dominating the Straits and Con- stantinople, and lying athwart the highroad to the st, as well as the richness of its soil and the great value of both its agricultural and mineral products make it inevitably a pivotal point in European affairs and also in the relations between Europe and the East Hence, in early days the long struggle between Poland and Muscovy, the rising Russian State, for the destruction first of its independence, later of its autonomy-and finally for its complete possession ; and in the nineteenth century the endless intrigues and the tremendous feeling which flared up between the Russian and the Austrian empires, which on the eve of the war made the Ukrainian movement to regain their independence one of | the Є factors in the relationship of the Great Powers of I Tt was indeed one of the main problems whic! the root of the World War, though Western Europe was scarcely ay That problem has not be е of its existence. solved by the post-war settlement. EARLY UKRAINIAN HISTORY— (Continued) Under the leadership of Hetman Bohdan Chmel- nitsky in the year of 1648 the Ukrainian Cossacks finally succeeded in annihilating the Polish army, thus winning ales stiles for the 300 years of foreign rule. The Cossack organiz: now spread over the entire Ukraine. Hetman Chmel- nitsky reorganized the Ukrainian government and signed treaties with the neighboring countries. Russia, however, did not live up to her treaty, She had pos- sessed the Ukrainian land and did not relish the idea of losing that vast and wealthy territory foreve After the death of Hetman Chmelnitsky (1657) the Ukrainian Cossacks began to decline in power because of the incompetence of the subsequent leaders. Russia took advantage of this opportunity and slowly ae ап to take control ої the rainian gover During the Scandinavian War, Hetman Mazepp: tempted to throw off the Russian yoke, but he failed In 1775, the last bulw Sitch, tk of the Ukrainians, Zaporoska finally fell into Russian hands and the Ukrain- ians once more became the subjects of the Russian mona т sine under the yok its birth as a nation Ukraine has been of different foreign nations, at different times. It has always struggled and fought to ward off its enemies as even to-day it struggles under the sub- juganon of four different countries Yet the. enemies it hold this land loathe to lose it for it із very rich in natural resources. Ukraine has very fertile soil and large deposits of coal, oil, petroleum, mercury and other minerals. And in their zeal to hold this land the political overlords of Ukraine have resorted to cruel yranny disregarding human privileges ап civil rights. Yet nothing can dissuade the Ukrainian people to abandon what to many seems so hopeless a struggle nd with ever increasing courage and fortitude they re marching on, step by steep, to the victory which mnust eventually crown their heroic efforts. |
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