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Performers stage scene from Franko’s “Pan Kotskiy ” Author Sophia Sluzar is Press and Public Relations Chair of Branch 54. A condensed version of the English- language biography, IVAN FRANKO (1856-1916): A Biography of a Writer and Civic Activist, prepared for the event by Ms. Sluzar is presented below. Photographs courtesy of Monty Wiradelaga. Early Life Ivan Franko was bom on August 27, 1856, into the family of a relatively well-to-do village blacksmith in Nahuevychi, Galicia, then a province in the Habsburg Empire. His education began at a village school and continued at a school run by the Basilian monks in Drohobych. Franko subsequently attended the Drohobych gymnasium (secondary academic school) from which he graduated in 1875. In his semi-biographical stories and memoirs, Franko painted a rather grim picture of his early school days describing how as a shy and awkward village boy he was harassed by his classmates and some of his teachers. Nevertheless, he mastered several languages, including Latin, German, and Polish, and, somewhat to his own surprise, was consistently the top student in his class. In 1875, Franko enrolled in Lviv University where he studied classical philol ogy and Ukrainian language and literature. Franko also joined the editorial board of the student magazine Druh (Companion), where some of his early literary works were published, and embarked on his life-long literary career. Politics Except for brief periods, Franko lived his entire life in Galicia. He saw his environment as a microcosm that illuminated developments in the world at large; as conditions changed for Ukrainians in Galicia, Franko’s political and social views also evolved. Two events in particular shaped political conditions for Ukrainians in the Habsburg Empire in Franko’s time: 1) the revolutions of 1848, which ended peasant unpaid labor on landowner estates but left the peasantry land poor and overtaxed; and 2) the reorganization of the Empire in 1867, which con ceded de facto administrative control of Galicia to the Polish nobility, an event that led to curtailing Ukrainian political representation in the provincial parliament and limiting the use of the Ukrainian language in transactions with the state, in schools, publications, etc. While at Lviv University, Franko met Mykhailo Drahomanov (1841-1895), a historian and civic activist from Kyiv who challenged Franko and his fellow students to concern themselves with the socio-economic problems in Galicia and to shed the clerical influence that prevailed at that time in Galician Ukrainian society. Franko’s publishing and political activities, as well as his association with Drahomanov, attracted the attention of the police; he was accused of belonging to a nonexistent so cialist organization and of spreading socialist pro paganda and sentenced to eight months in prison. Видання C оюзу Українок A мерики - перевидано в електронному форматі в 2012 році . A рхів C У A - Ню Йорк , Н . Й . C Ш A.
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