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Rio de Janeiro. It established a set of binding princi ples and objectives on all participants. The Objective states “ ...stabilization of greenhouse gas concentra tions in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. ...” In 1997, a second international conference was held in Japan. Its Kyoto Protocol set quantitative limits on greenhouse gas emissions. It requires 38 developed countries to reduce emissions by an average of 5.2% below 1990 levels by the year 2012. These limits were applicable primarily to developed coun tries. Less Developed Countries were exempted on the grounds that they must develop in order to raise their living standards. In order for the Kyoto Protocol to be legally binding it must be ratified by 55 nations. So far it has not been ratified. One of the United States’ arguments against signing the treaty is that countries such as India and China are not “less developed” and emit higher levels of C 0 2 on a per capita basis than the U.S. Another U.S. argument is that our country is tee tering on the brink of economic recession and thus cannot afford to implement stringent requirements that are unfairly higher than anyone else’s. The situation is very politically and emotionally charged. Individual Efforts Regardless of international or governmental efforts, every small effort by individuals helps. What is recommended is the usual litany of conservation: use public transportation whenever possible, lower ther mostats in winter and raise them in summer, use fuel efficient cars, insulate homes, wear warmer clothing, recycle everything possible, plant trees and bushes, use energy-efficient appliances, influence local and state governments, participate. Use your imagination. Final Rem arks From Greek Mythology we have the tale of Prometheus stealing fire from the Olympian gods and giving it to mortals in order to improve their lot. For this crime Prometheus was chained to a rock and an eagle ate his liver during the day. The liver healed at night and the next day the eagle tortured Prometheus again - on and on. Another metaphorical tale is “The Sorcerer’s Apprentice” based on a poem by J. W. von Goethe and immortalized in Disney’s “Fantasia”. In each case the message/moral of the story is not to un leash forces one cannot control. Or is there still hope that we can control them? References: 1 TIME, April 9,2001, p. 22 1 Al. Gore “Earth in the Balance”, Ch. 4, pp. 89-98 1 www.encarta.msn.com 1 www.epa. gov/ globalwarming THE BASIC FACTS OF STROKE by Ihor Magjm, M.D., F.A.C.P. The devastating disease referred to as stroke results from a lack of oxygen due to an interruption of the blood supply to the brain. This causes the death of brain tissue. The area of the brain affected, the dead tissue area, is called an infarct. There are two mecha nisms that can bring on this condition. Hemorrhagic stroke results from bleeding around the brain, which produces tissue compression and injury. It can result from head trauma, ruptured aneurysms (widening and stretching of an arterial wall), high blood pressure, or a congenital abnormality of the blood’s brain vessels. The second and more common mechanism is referred to as an ischemic stroke. It is caused by a blockage or reduction of blood flow in an artery that supplies an area of the brain. Atherosclerosis is the main culprit in the narrowing of blood vessels. Choles terol deposits and plaque impede the flow of blood. A blood clot can form on this surface and can lead to stroke. Blood clots that originate in the heart are an other potential problem source. Warning signs for stroke include a temporary neurological change lasting from several minutes to twenty-four hours. There may be a series of these epi sodes. A classic symptom is amaurosis fugax, a tempo rary, partial or complete, blindness in one eye. Re versible ischemic Neurological Deficit (RND) is an attack that lasts longer than twenty-four hours but has full recovery within three weeks. A complete infarc tion leaves permanent neurological deficits. There may be some recovery depending on what part of the brain was involved. This is where physical ther apy/rehabilitation come to play a major role. The brain has two sides - a right and a left hemisphere. The right controls the left side of the body and the left controls the right side of the body. Left sided strokes show right sided paralysis with speech deficits; right sided strokes have left sided paralysis. Multiple risk factors for stroke include ele vated blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, ciga rette smoking, heart disease, previous history of stroke, high alcohol consumption, and use of oral contracep tives. Addressing these issues and altering life styles can make a significant impact on prevention. Aspirin is effective in secondary prevention of stroke, but only in those individuals who have these risk factors. HAPPY THANKSGIVING! Видання C оюзу Українок A мерики - перевидано в електронному форматі в 2012 році . A рхів C У A - Ню Йорк , Н . Й . C Ш A.
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