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c le a n u p o p e ra tio n s. A r e lig io u s g ro u p fr o m H o lla n d w a s d is t r ib u tin g f o o d a n d p a c k e ts o f d is in fe c ta n t. W e sto pp ed to t a lk w it h a w o m a n w h o w a s t r y in g to t i l l h e r garden. H e r ta s k w a s im p o s s ib le b e ca u se the su n h a d d r ie d the s o il c o m p le t e ly and it h a d hardened. P e o p le w e re f e a r fu l tha t the f lo o d e d f ie ld s w o u ld n o t so o n be p ro d u ctiv e . T h e t h ir d to w n w e v is it e d w a s the U k r a in ia n to w n o f K r a s o v o w h e r e the f lo o d h a d ru in e d 3 4 b u ild in g s . T h e p e o p le t o ld us that the S D P U p a r t y h a d d is trib u te d 2 0 0 h r y v n i p e r p e rs o n and that the g o v e rn m e n t h a d p r o v id e d an a d d it io n a l 3 0 0 h r y v n i p e r f a m ily f o r r e li e f a ssista n c e . T h o u g h the to w n s p e o p le w e re g ra te fu l f o r th is h e lp , th e y are r e a lis ts . T h e y k n o w that it w i l l ta k e a lo n g tim e b e fo re t h e ir liv e s w i l l a g a in b e n o rm a l. It is h o p e d that the g o v e rn m e n t, w it h the a ss is ta n c e o f o th e r c o u n trie s , w i l l h e lp them r e b u ild th e ir houses. E v e ry w h e r e w e w e n t, w e w e re m o v e d b y the p e o p le 's in it ia t iv e . W e w a tc h e d them t r y in g to d is in f e c t the b e lo n g in g s th e y h a d sa v e d f r o m the flo o d w a te rs ; w e w a tc h e d them c o lle c t in g b r ic k s a n d w o o d fr o m the d e stro y e d houses. T h e y a re n o t lo s in g stren gth o r hope. N e ig h b o r s w h o h a d n o t s u ffe re d a re h e lp in g th o se w h o lo s t e v e ry th in g . O n e m a n t o ld us h o w a f a m ily had ta k e n in h is 8 0 y e a r o ld m o th e r and h is son, w h o w a s s u ffe rin g fr o m a v e r y h ig h fe v e r. I w a lk e d in to one h o u s e w h ic h w a s so b a d ly c r a c k e d that it lo o k e d re a d y to c o lla p s e at a n y m om ent. T h e o w n e r, a w id o w e r w h o h a d lo s t h is w if e t w o y e a r s b e fo re , h a d a lre a d y w a sh e d a n d so rte d a ll the c lo t h in g a n d d ish e s s a lv a g e d fro m the flo o d . R e tu r n in g to U z h h o r o d , i t w a s im p o s s ib le not to c o n tra st the b e a u ty o f the f lo w e r in g sp rin g , the U k r a in ia n s p r in g i n the C a r p a t h ia n m o u n ta in s, w it h the h o rro rs and the sa d ness c a u se d b y the flo o d . I re m e m b e re d s e e in g the b a re m o u n ta in s th ro u g h the w in d o w as w e tra v e le d to U z h h o r o d ; m a n y b e lie v e that the flo o d s are a r e s u lt o f e c o lo g ic a l sh o rt-sig h ted n ess, r e s u lt in g d ir e c t ly fr o m the d e s tru c tio n o f the fo re sts in Z a k a r p a ttia . S o m e p e o p le are u n d e r the im p re s s io n that U k r a in ia n to w n s a n d v illa g e s a re r e c e iv in g le ss a id and le s s su p p o rt th a n t h e ir H u n g a r ia n c o unterpa rts. W e , a lo n g w it h o u r s is te rs i n Z a k a r p a t tia , h o p e th a t w it h the a id o f the g o v e rn m e n t an e c o lo g ic a l b a la n c e w i l l b e re sto re d and the T y s a R i v e r w i l l b e co m e regu la ted. In the m e a n tim e, w e w i l l d o e v e r y th in g in o u r p o w e r to h e lp the f a m ilie s i n the r e g io n at th is c r it ic a l tim e. ECO NEWSLETTER: ACID RAIN by Martha T. Pelensky, PE, Chairperson - Ecology/Environment In S h a k e s p e a re ’ s The Merchant o f Venice P o r tia in h e r p le a d in g / s o lilo q u y re fe rs to m e r c y that “ ... droppeth as a gentle rain from heaven upon the place beneath...this mightiest in the mightiest . . . ” In th is d is c u s s io n it is n o t m e rc y b u t a c id tha t d ro p s o n us i n the r a in f r o m heaven . It is n o t g e n tle , b u t i t is v e r y m ig h ty . It is ACID RAIN. A c c o r d in g to the o f f ic i a l E P A g lo s s a ry , a c id r a in fo rm s as a r e s u lt o f r e a c tio n (s ) b e tw e e n s u lfu r d io x id e ( S O 2 ) a n d /o r n itr o g e n o x id e s ( N O x) w it h w a te r in the atm osphere. S u lf u r d io x id e and n it r ic o x id e s re a c t in the a tm o sp h e re w it h w a te r to fo rm a s o lu tio n o f s u lf u r ic a c id a n d n it r ic a c id . S u n lig h t in c re a s e s the ra te o f these r e a c tio n s . T h e s e a c id s re tu rn to ea rth in the f o r m o f r a in , fo g , c lo u d w a te r o r sn o w . T h is is a lso r e fe rre d to as w e t d e p o s it io n . T h e re is a ls o d r y d e p o s it io n in the f o r m o f p a r t ic le s o r gases, w h ic h settle d ir e c t ly o n p la n ts , la n d , w a te r o r b u ild in g m a te ria ls. S u lf u r d io x id e a n d n itr o g e n o x id e s f o r m as a r e s u lt o f b u rn in g f o s s il f u e ls su c h as c o a l o r h e a v y o ils . T h e y are m o s tly in the e m is s io n s fr o m e le c tr ic p o w e r p la n ts, fr o m m a jo r in d u s t r ia l f a c ilit ie s tha t generate and co n su m e la r g e am o un ts o f en e rg y, and fr o m m o to riz e d v e h ic le s . It is e s tim a te d tha t e le c tr ic u t ilit ie s are re s p o n s ib le f o r tw o -th ird s o f S O 2 and o n e -th ird o f N O x e m issio n s. A c i d r a in h a s b e e n lin k e d to w id e s p re a d e n v iro n m e n ta l d a m a g e , in c lu d in g s o il an d p la n t d e g ra d a tio n , de p lete d l i f e in la k e s a n d stream s, a n d dam age Видання C оюзу Українок A мерики - перевидано в електронному форматі в 2012 році . A рхів C У A - Ню Йорк , Н . Й . C Ш A.
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