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the inevitable restructuring of the work force. However, there is much potential for the women in UKraine. With an educated and literate population, the ability for improving the status of women is attainable. The feminization of sectors may not be as dismal as it seems. In fact, some of the sectors, especially service sectors, are the ones that will continue being feminized into the twenty-first century. Women from Ukraine have been involved with the overall process of improving the status of women through international, domestic, non governmental and inter-governmental mechanisms. The presence of Ukrainian women at many prepatory con ferences, both in Ukraine and internationally, displays the dedication of Ukrainian women to advancement of women, not only in Ukraine, but on a global level. SOURCES Buckley, Mary, Ed., P e re s tro ik a a n d S o viet W om en, Cambridge University Press, 1992. Standing, Guy, L a b o u r M a r k e t D y n a m ic s in U k ra in e In d u s try in 1 9 9 2 -9 4 : R esults fro m the U LFS, Budapest, 1994. ILO: International Labor Organization Statistics. Notar: Susan Notar’s TDY Trip Report 1/23-95— 1/31/95 to Kiev, Ukraine (in association with the ENI Women’s Issues Resource Book). PDP: Parliamentary Development Project for Ukra ine, Indiana University: School of Public and Environ mental Affairs. UCWS: The Ukrainian Center for Women’s Studies in collaboration with “Social Monitoring Center” of the National Institute of Strategic Studies, W o m en in U k ra in e: S o c ia lo g ic a l A ssessm ent, Kyiv, 1995. UCWS#2: Dr. Svetlana V. Kupryashkina (Ukrainian Center for Women’s Studies), G e n e ra l T ren d s in D a ta C o lle c tio n on W om en a n d S tatistic s in U k ra in e a n d W ays to G e n d e r-D is a g g re g a te d Statistics, Radcliffe Col lege, Massachusetts, 1994. WRB: Europe and Newly Independent States (ENI) W o m e n ’s R e s o u rc e B ook, USAID, 1992. THE INS AND OUTS OF ANNUITIES by LUBA KOS Do you want to build your assets for the future? Can you comfortably put some money away without receiving current income? Is tax deferral attractive? If your answer to these three questions is “yes”, an annuity may be right for you. Annuities are sold by insurance companies, but they are the opposite of life insurance in providing benefits during your lifetime rather than after death. An annuity, bought with a single lump sum or periodic payments, provides guaranteed lifetime income starting either immediately or at a later date. Annuities also offer tax advantages. Although the purchase can be made with after-tax dollars, you pay no income tax on the accumulated interest until payouts start. You can choose a guaranteed rate of interest, via a fixed annuity or you can put your principal into an equity account (some offer different investment options) and accept a variable rate of interest. With a variable annuity, accumulated value and monthly benefits will vary according to portfolio performance, but there usu ally is a guaranteed minimum return. Fixed annuities are often compared to certificates of deposit, while variable annuities may be more akin to mutual funds. Both should be held, once purchased, for the long term. Payout, when the time comes, may be in one of several forms. STRAIGHT LIFE provides pay ments to you for your lifetime. A REFUND annuity pays somewhat less but provides that payouts will be at least equal the amount paid in premiums, regardless of when the annuitant dies; any refund is paid to the beneficiary. A JOINT AND SURVIVOR annuity provides payments for as long as either you or your designated survivor lives. And a CERTAIN PERIOD annuity makes payments for life, with a guaranteed minimum number of years. Annuities are sold with many different features. Here are some of the things to evaluate before you buy: — What is the current interest rate, how often does it change? — What is the minimum interest rate guaranteed in the contract? — Is there a “bailout option” that permits you to cash in the annuity, without penalties (there may be tax penalties), if the interest rate drops below a specified figure? — What penalties are there for early liquidation? Are there graduated withdrawal charges over a period of years? How much can you withdraw at any time without a penalty? — Are there front-end load charges or annual administrative fees? How much are they and how will they affect your return? As with any investment, seek advice from a competent investment advisor who will guide you based on your individual needs and goals. НАШЕ Ж ИТТЯ”, ЧЕРВЕНЬ 1995 21
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