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ja rb e d wire. Each day, year in and year out you, my sisters, hide your tears from your children. You become lawyers and publicists, writing declarations and com plaints, protests and petitions. You must know how to find joy in each single day, in every line of [your hus band’s] letter, in the smile of [your] child, in order not to become em bittered. . . ” Sometime in the future, should fortune smile on Ukraine, and her offspring set about to write the truthful account of the Ukrainian people and martyrology of her best sons, the names of these courageous women, the wives of political prisoners cannot be forgotten. With their husbands shoulder to shoulder they tra veled the painful road, enduring excruciating tests, to win a better destiny for their nation. References 1Georges Marchais, Secretary-General of the French Com munist party. 2Russian historian Andrey Amalrik is the author of Will the Soviet Union Survive Until 1984? He was twice sentenced to three year terms (1970, 1973), subsequently put under pressure to emigrate abroad and in June, 1976 received his exit visa. He died in 1983, in a car accident. 3See also “The Outer Zone” by Tatyana Plushch (Zhitnik- ova) in Leonid Plushch’s History's Carnival, p. 351-354. ABOUT WOMEN The h ealing hand.... “Women Doctors in America: 1835-1920” is an interesting and unusual exhibition at the New York Academy of Medicine, 2 East 103rd Street in New York City. The idea for the exhibit came about when Ruth J. Abram, former director of the Women’s Action Alliance, was looking for a “female professional role model” and quite by accident discovered a 19th century woman doctor in her own family. Her enthusiam prompted further research for an exhibition of a distinctive period in the history of American women. Because women were refused admission to existing medical schools, they formed their own, numbering 19, which were in operation until the end of the century. As graduate doctors, women did not have automatic en trance into male-dominated organizations or medical institutions, therefore they established their own — clin ics, hospitals, medical societies. Although discrimination against women was ram pant on every level, women doctors or “lady physi cians”, as they were called were, very successful pro fessionally. The prevailing attitude was that women were better nurturers than men and able to heal better. Women of that era were more inclined to consult a woman doc tor rather than a man. Also, a woman doctor could work out of her own home, thereby combining her career with her duties as wife and mother. At the beginning of the 85-year period encompassed by the exhibition, there were no women doctors, but by the 1900’s there were more than 7,000. However, this increase in female physicians did not continue into the 20th century. Historians cite many reasons for this decline, the primary one being the change in medicine from a healing art to a more scientific approach. In the wake of this change women turned to nursing and social work in order not to lose the “humanitarian” aspect of their professions. Women’s Movement — w here is it? Betty Friedan a pioneer in the women’s movement in America wrote an article in the New York Times Mag azine (11-3-85) bemoaning the stagnation of the move ment. She does not feel it is finished nor that it failed, but she believes it is in trouble. “I see as symptoms of the paralysis the impotence in the face of the fundamentalist backlash; the wasting of energy in internal power struggles when no real issues are at stake the nostalgic harking back to old rhetoric, old ideas, old modes of action instead of confronting new threats and new problems with new thinking; the failure to mobilize the young generation who take for granted the rights we won and who do not defend these rights....; and the preoccupation with pornography and other sexual diversions that do not affect most women’s lives. ... unwillingness to deal with the complex realities of female survi val in male-modeled careers, with the new illusions of having it all in marriage and equality in di vorce, and with the basic causes of the grim feminization of po verty. " Furthermore Ms. Friedan applauds the strides made by women in the Third World and feels that they, not American women, are forerunners in the modern wo men’s liberation movement. So as not to let the move ment wane in the United States, Ms. Friedan suggests that a new round of consciousness-raising be initiated ’’НАШЕ Ж ИТТЯ”, ЛЮ ТИЙ 1986 25
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