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HEALTH & WELLBEING In this new column, Dr. Maria Motyl will contribute articles on health, science and the environ ment. Readers who are interested in the applications of the most current scientific research to their personal health, however, should not look to this as a medical advice column, but should consult with their personal physicians. Dr. Motyl is a microbiologist at the Mt. Sinai Medical Center in New York, where she is involved in teaching as well as clinical and pure research. For an interview with Dr. Motyl, see the November 1981 issue of Our Life. ANTI-CAVITY PILL IN THE WORKS Scientists are working on a pill that will protect against the most common cavity-causing bacteria, Streptococus mutans. These bac teria make a substance that helps them cling to tooth surfaces. As the bacteria convert the sugar we eat to acids, the acids get trapped and dissolve tooth enamel. This leads to cavities. Humans make some, but not enough, antibodies to resist the bacteria. Volunteers at the National Institute of Dental Research were given capsules of killed bacteria, and it was found that antibodies to the bacteria rose dramatically. The volunteers were able to fight off arti ficially produced S. mutans infections. Further studies are planned to learn more about this new way to prevent tooth decay. GERMAN MEASLES DROP DRAMATICALLY The Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta report a record low number of cases of rubella, or German measles, in 1980 in the U. S. The 3,904 cases reported represent a 70% drop over the number of cases in 1979. This dramatic decrease is attributed to a successful vac cination program involving preschool and school-age children. More recently, increased efforts have been made to vaccinate young adults because of continued report ing of cases of congenital rubella syndrome. In this syndrome, a rubella-infected pregnant woman can transmit the disease to her unborn child, sometimes resulting in severe congenital defects and mal formations. In a continuing effort to curb rubella, children one year and older are being vaccinated, as well as susceptible adults, especially females and/or hospital personnel. GROUP В BLOOD CAN BECOME UNIVERSAL DONOR Recent developments in blood research may lead to a day when there will never be a shortage of dif ferent blood types in hospital emer gency situations. Researchers at the New York Blood Center have reported the transformation of type В cells to type 0, using enzymes extracted from coffee beans. These newly made cells were then tested in volunteers with no adverse effects. Of four human blood groups, type 0 is considered the universal donor and is the most useful in trans fusions, where it is critically impor tant that the correct blood type be used. Type 0 can be safely given to almost everyone, including people with type A, В and AB blood. Forty-five percent of the U. S. population has group 0 blood, but frequently there are shortages even of this type in hospitals. Future research will be aimed at group A cells, since about 40% of the popu lation has group A blood. Success at transforming group A blood to group 0 would have even greater implica tions for the blood supply in U. S. hospitals than the already successful experiment with group B. DOCTORS NOW OPERATE ON FETUS IN WOMB Doctors can now operate on a fetus within the womb to correct poten tial birth defects. In a case in Cali fornia, surgeons were able to repair a urinary tract obstruction in one of two twins within the womb. Uncor rected, this condition could have caused crowding of the developing lungs and damaged the kidneys. Shortly thereafter, doctors in Colorado treated hydrocephalus, or buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain cavity in a 24-week-old fetus. In yet another case, a fetus was operated on outside the womb and then returned to the womb. This very new field of medicine is posing some ethical problems for doctors. They wonder what to do if upon opening the womb they find that the damage to the fetus from the disease has been more extensive than they had expected. None theless, this new operating technique is very promising because it enables doctors to correct some potentially serious and heart breaking birth defects. MAKING YOUR FIRST PUBLIC SPEECH One of the benefits of being active in an organization is the acquisition of many skills. Activism for the most part invol ves continuous contact with people. In your UNWLA branch, for example, ydu may be called upon to contact local newspaper editors with media infor mation about a branch event, visit elderly or ill persons, coordinate a program, or teach a kindergarten class. But perhaps the most dra matic/traumatic experience in the life of an UNWLA member may be her first speech. The excuses women come up with not to speak are many: "I’m shy. I can’t think of anything worthwhile to say. I get tongue-tied.” Finally, after all the excuses have been exhausted, you relent. "Okay, just this once, I'll give it a try,” you say. But after you agree, what’s the next step? ■ Do not despair. Just keep in mind that it is not the most crucial event in your life and that all does not hang on its outcome. It may be a source of comfort or inspiration for you to know that some of the highest executives in UNWLA today were shy, tongue-tied ladies in their local branches years ago. Also, keep in mind that thinking about how terrifying public speaking will be is not half as bad as actually talking to a group. ■ Prepare. If you take time to prepare your speech and compose your thoughts, it will help decrease your anxiety level, in 24 ’НАШЕ ЖИТТЯ”, СІЧЕНЬ 1982 Видання C оюзу Українок A мерики - перевидано в електронному форматі в 2012 році . A рхів C У A - Ню Йорк , Н . Й . C Ш A.
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