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full member: Yekaterina a Furtseva, a protegee of Nikita S. Krushchev for the relatively brief period 1957- 61....The pattern is repeated in other powerful bodies.... Women have similar difficulties penetrating the upper ranks of the academic world. Only 13.7 percent of the membership of the Union of Writers is female. In the prestigious Academy of Sciences just three of the 243 full members and nine of the corresponding members are women.... The Soviet Union has boasted that its women have had equality ever since the days of Lenin.... The myth is bolstered by tokenism. The only woman to fly in space, Valentina Nikolayeva Tereshkova, was a Soviet astronaut. Aeroflot, the Soviet airline, has a few women pilots. In the Suprement Soviet, formally the national legislature, 31 percent of the members are women, but the body is a powerless rubber stamp. The contradictory impulses — to make women exemplary workers on the one hand and prolific mothers on the other — reflect the ambiguity with which Soviet society views them, with a mixture of modern concepts of equality and old stereotypes that many Americans would find Victorian. Karen DeCrow, president of the National Organiza tion for Women, found Soviet attitudes more sexist than those in the United States when she visited last fall. She was distressed by the official attitude that no problem exists. There are no feminist groups here (in the Soviet Union — Ed.), of course. Even if the impulses to form them existed, they would be illegal, and their members would probably find themselves without jobs, in Siberian exile or in prison for anti-Soviet activity. ” l think there is men’s solidarity in the Soviet Union as well as elsewhere,” said Irina Brailovsky, a mathema tician. ’’It’s an almost unconscious solidarity that is hard to get through. If a woman is a tank she can break through.” MOTRIA KUSHNIR WOMAN VIEWS & NEWS IN WOMAN'S WORLD •Two years ago the United Nations declared 1975 Inter national Women’s Year, with the stated goals of: 1) promoting equality for women, 2) speeding their integration in social and economic development and 3) recognizing their importance in the pursuit of peace. During the year that became known as IWY, a World Plan of Action setting guidelines and timetables for the achievement of women's full participation in society was drafted in the UN Secretariat. The plan was then refined by a consultative committee and submitted to the Mexico City World Conference, where it was amended and approved. The cul mination of IWY was marked by the UN General Assembly on December 15, 1975 with the adoption of Resolution 3520 declaring the ’’United Nations Decade for Women and Development” for the purpose of accomplishing the objectives specified in the World Plan of Action. Is this international congress of nations more adapt at passing resolutions, setting timetables and convening conferences than it is at taking action? Does the admirable, history-making stand of the UN represent merely paper promises? Can anyone but for the most optimistic among us believe that in one decade women throughout the world will be given the opportunity to participate as equal partners in all aspects of society? For the answers to these and similar questions one need look no further than to the UN itself. On November 19, 1976 a group within the UN Secretariat seeking equal rights for women released a report on the status of women in the UN. Less than 10% of the delegates currently serving in the General Assembly are female. Inasmuch as the delegates are appointed by the member nations, the UN policy of nondiscrimination can be promoted only indirectly. Yet, as the report documented, the UN’s own hiring practices hardly conform with Secretary General Kurt Waldheim’s pledge to "end discrimination against women.” During the last 18 months— all IWY or Women’s Decade months— the UN recruited 42 female professionals for its staff positions. Over the same period 250 males were recruited for professional openings on the UN staff. At the present rate of Secretariat recruitment, the report noted, it would take 100 years for women to achieve equality. Do we hear a motion from the floor proposing the adoption of a resolution declaring International Women’s Century? •Congressman Lew Aspin (Democrat-Wisconsin) is asking Congress to give back the Medal of Honor it took from the only women ever to receive it. The medal, the highest award for valor granted in the United States, was awarded to Dr. Mary Edwards Walker for her combat work as a medic during the Civil War. In 1917 a review board revoked the award saying that it could not find the reason the Syracuse physician received it in the first place. Aspin stated that the real motive for reversing the decision had little connection to the doctor’s worthiness to be so honored. Research into the matter has produced evidence that the board’s action was punitive measure aimed at punishing the Medal of Honor recipient for her political activities: later in life Edwards Walker became involved in civil libertarian causes— in particular, the women’s suffrage movement. •We hate to agree with the grouch who claims that things get worse before they get better. Unfortunately, cranks all to often appear to be right, as well as crotchety. For example, a 1973 survey conducted among public relations professionals found that men were paid an average of 20% more than women in the same public relations positions. Sad to say, a recent report published by the American Management Association provides 24 НАШЕ ЖИТТЯ, БЕРЕЗЕНЬ 1977 Видання C оюзу Українок A мерики - перевидано в електронному форматі в 2012 році . A рхів C У A - Ню Йорк , Н . Й . C Ш A.
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