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Woman Views & news in a woman's world During 1975 the marriage rate in America declined by 4%; 2.1 million marriages were performed, the fewest since 1969. The divorce rate, on the other hand, in creased by 6% to a record high; divorces exceeded 1 million for the first time in United States history. These facts have attracted much attention, and some commentators have implied that the blame lies with the women's movement. Such cliches, however, should be reevaluated. For example, a recent study undertaken at the University of California shows that the sharpest increases in broken marriages are occurring among younger women w ith o u t jobs outside the home. A significantly larger proportion of working women in their late teens and twenties have their first marriage intact than do their counterparts outside the labor force. Elwood Carlson, the sociologist who conducted the study, concluded: "While it may not always have been so, it seems today that work for women is coming to be associated with stable, rather than unstable, marriages." Mothers whose babies are delivered at home by midwives have fewer com plications and healthier babies than those who go to the hospital. This surprising information was reported in a paper delivered by a California health re search team at the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association. The team studied 287 home births performed by midwives from the Santa Cruz Birth Center from 1971 to 1973. Of these, 231 women had "completely unremarkable births at home"; for those "completely unremarkable births at home"; for those complications that did occur, the rate was lower than that for the population as a whole. There were fewer premature births— 2.8% compared with 7.3%— and a lower incidence of pregancy toxemia (poisoning) in the study group. There was only one still-born baby, but no deaths of infants born live— compared to a national death rate of 22.4% per 1,000 live births. The team— Drs. Mehl Shaw, Crevey and Peterson— concluded that the excellent results of the study group should be attributed to the lack of pain killers and anesthesia in the women, to their prepardness for childbirth, to the avoidance of the lying-flat position during labor and to the lack of stresses usually present in hospitals. Moreover, they stated that supine (lyingflat) position commonly used in hospitals may be harmful to the baby because it compresses the great blood vessels and ,may deprive the fetus of oxygen. Public opinion pollsters ring our telephones and knock on our doors to question us about every subject under the sun; the information market is al ready flooded with statistics about our preferences for margarine brands and presidential candidate, So, who needs yet another polling firm& The women of America need one, according to Irvin Penner, Scott Armstrong and L.B. Fox. The three marketing research specialists have organized WomenPoll, "America's first survey and polling service focusing exclusively on women." Employing the usual techniques— telephone and mail surveys, direct interview ing and computer analysis— telephone "the 95% confidence level of reliability looked for in surveys." One of the first surveys undertaken by WomenPoll asked the question: "What do you regard as the main problems faced by women in this country today?" The reported attitudes and opinions were based upon a national sample of over 1,000 women who were interviewed by telephone The survey found that 42% of the women were con cerned in three interrelated areas: 1) being their own person, 2) not being dis criminated against and 3) gaining equal- e m p lo ym e n t sta tu s. In te re s tin g differences of opinion became obvious when the answers were broken down according to the respondent's age, family income, working and martial status and geographic area of re sidence. Women under the age of 45 ex pressed more concern about equality than did those over 45. omen living in the eastern and midwestern United States were most concerned with equal employment, while those in the South and West with self-identity. As family in come increased, so did the interest in defining one's own role in life. More married than single women were an xious about their self-identity, however, twice as many single women, compared to those who were married, believed that domination by men was a major problem. * * * While some organized religions have traditionally accepted women into the MOTRIA KUSHNIR ministry, the question of ordaining females has proven to be an explosive and divisive issue among Catholics, Lutherans and Jews. In response to Catholic women's requests to become priests, the Vatican has taken a very clear and firm position. During a press con ference in Houston, Archbishop Jan Jadot, the Vatican's representative in the United States, stated: "I see women, especially sisters, so anxious to be ordained. I am afraid they are losing something. They have to discover the place of women in society, in religion." Archbishop Jadot said that because the Church has been organized according to the will of Christ, women will never be ordained. Branch 72 Left to rig h t: M ary Lesawyer, President and Helen S. Prociuk, Vice President cut the B ice nten nia l cake. This has been a busy year for the 72nd Branch. One can say that our 1976 activities began with a November 1975 musicale and reception dedicated to the Internalional Women's Year and the Bi centennial. On that occasion, the Branch presented International Women's Year a- wards to our two outstanding young scientists, Joan Roberts, Ph.D., and Georgia Jean Tisanich-Euglot. Sub sequently, owing to the recommend ation of our Headquarters, the National Council of Women of the USA pre НАШЕ ЖИТТЯ, ЖОВТЕНЬ, 1976 21
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