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- Ukrainian Woman - То Strengthen the Arm of Liberty W ith o u t freed o m of th o u g h t an d speech no n a tio n can s u r vive. On th e eve o f th e 7 5 th a n n u al convention of th e G eneral F e d e ra tio n of W om en’s C lubs, to be h eld in A tla n tic C ity in Ju n e , w om en w ill be m u llin g over, in session an d in d ividu ally, th e ir re sp o n sib ilitie s in o u r new w orld-w ide com m un ity, g ro w in g sm aller each day b y th e in s ta n ta neous e a rth -w id e tra n sm issio n of know ledge an d sw ift tra v e l. F reed o m of w om en, in th is n a tion , b eg an in 1634 w ith A nn H u tch in so n , soon a f te r h e r a rriv al in B oston. H e r in te llig e n t, a n a ly tic al m in d so u g h t to e x tric a te its e lf fro m th e th e n relig io u s tu rm o il en d in g in n ig h tm a ris h w itc h -h u n tin g . She s ta rte d a club b y in v itin g n eig h b o r w om en to h e r hom e, tw ice a w eek, to d is cuss theological su b jec ts. T h o u g h b a n ish ed fo r th is h e re sy an d sedition , in h e r sorrow , she little d ream ed t h a t th is seed of freed o m o f th o u g h t w h ich she h a d p lan ted , am ong w om en, w ould gro w to its p re s e n t w o rld w ide s ta tu s , w h e re w om en m ay openly deal, to th e b e s t of th e ir a b ility w ith issu es of th e ir tim e s. A lth o u g h B osto n claim s ^ a w o m an ’s club in 1709, an d P h ila d elp h ia w as am o n g th e f ir s t c it ies to fo s te r w om en’s clubs, th e re a l m o v em en t of w om en, th in k in g an d a c tin g fo r th em selv es, in clubs, did n o t b eg in in e a rn e st u n til th e la s t q u a rte r of th e 1 9 th c e n tu ry . T h e lon g im p en d in g s to rm of th e Civil W a r stifle d th e en deavo r. Y et, even fro m th a t h o lo cau st em erg ed th e A m erican R ed C ross an d th e Y W CA , th e la tte r b o rn of th e n e c e ssity to s a fe g u a rd th e in te r e s ts of se lf-su p p o rtin g y o u n g w om en. In 1867 th e re d -h o t in d ig n a tio n of lite ra ry w om en in N ew Y o rk C ity gave d ire c tio n an d v o lum e to th e m o vem en t. T h o u g h a few o f th e se w om en w ere m em b e rs of th e N ew Y o rk C ity P re s s Club, th e n g iv in g a d in n e r to C h arles D ickens, th e y w ere told th e y could n o t a tte n d . In censed, th e w om en dem and ed th e ir rig h ts . F in a lly th e m en g ru d g in g ly a g re e d th a t “ a few w om en m ig h t a tte n d , illeg ally as g alle ry s p e c ta to rs .” Oh, u n w ary , obdu r a te m e n ! T he flam e th e y ig n ite d fla re d h ig h . T h e n e x t y e a r th is sam e little g ro u p of w om en m e t an d fo rm e d th e club “ S o ro sis,” in th e hom e of M rs. C h a rlo tte W ilbur. C o n cu rren tly , in B o ston th e N ew E n g la n d W om en’s Club w as o rganized, w ith Ju lia W a rd H ow e an d R alp h W aldo E m e rso n as its fo u n d e rs. In th e y e a rs since m an y m en h av e recognized w om en’s rig h ts , especially in th e m a tte r of su ffra g e . “In 1869 W yom ing p a sse d a “fem ale s u ffra g e ” law , an d L o u isa A n n S w ain o f L a ra m ie w as th e f ir s t A m erican w om an ev er to c a s t a vote. T w en ty y e a rs la t e r, w h en C ong ress th re a te n e d to block W y o m in g ’s ad m issio n as a s ta te because of its local s u f fra g e law , th e s ta te ’s d eleg ate w ired hom e fo r g uidance. H e r e ceived th is w ire in re p ly : “W e m ay s ta y o u t of th e U nion a h u n d re d y e a rs, b u t w e w ill com e in w ith o u r w om en.” A ll th e se th in g s g av e im p e tu s to th e g a th e rin g s tre n g th o f th e w om en’s m ovem en t. In 1873 Sorosis assem b led a C ongress of W om en. T h o u san d s o f w om en, th e w orld over, r e sponded to th e ir challenge, in cludin g all re ig n in g q ueens. U n i on S q u are T h e a te r in N ew Y o rk C ity h o u sed th e ir assem b ly, w h ich fo rm e d T h e A ss’n fo r th e A d v an cem en t fo W om en. T h is m e t a n n u ally u n til 1889. I t w as th e b e g in n in g of T he I n te rn a tio n a l C ouncil o f W om en th a t now includes 28 g re a t o rg a n iz a tio n s an d w hose m em b er p a rtic i p a tio n is in th e m illions. In 1889, S orosis, h a v in g g a th ered f u r th e r s tre n g th an d m o m en tu m , in v ite d th e know n lit e ra ry clubs in th e co u n try , 97 in all, to send d eleg ates a s its g u e sts to a n a tio n a l m eetin g . S ixty-one clubs resp ond ed, and in this meeting The General Fed eration of Women’s Clubs was born. T h e n e x t y e a r in N ew Y ork C ity, th e new o rg a n iz a tio n ’s C o n stitu tio n an d B y-law s w ere ra tifie d . M rs. C h a rlo tte E m e rso n B row n o f E a s t O range, N . J. w as elected its f ir s t p re si d en t. In 1901 it received its c h a r te r fro m th e C ong ress o f th e U n ite d S ta te s, a f a r c ry indeed fro m th a t d ay in 1867 w hen w om en w ere called “ u n w o m an ly ” to w a n t to a tte n d a d in n e r h o n o rin g D ickens. T h a t little g ro u p o f w om en w ith w h ich M rs. Je n n ie C roly, f ir s t p re sid e n t of S orosis fo rm ed in to th e f ir s t n a tio n a l assem b ly, an d w as tw itte d fo r h a v in g fo u n d ed a n y th in g so “ u n w o m an ly ” h a s g ro w n u n til now th e p o w erfu l G en eral F e d e ra tio n of W om en’s C lubs, w ith its 15,500 m em b er clubs in th e U n ited S ta te s of A m erica an d 11,- 000,000 w om en. I t ’s v a rie d in te re s ts h av e ste ad ily g ro w n u n til to d a y th e y a re in te rn a tio n a l in scope. T he poll of th e F e d e ra tio n , p u b lish ed in M cC all’s M arch issu e m ig h t w ell be g iven all w om en’s considered a tte n tio n an d resp o n se. I t lis ts th e needs th e y w a n t a w om an ca n d id a te fo r P re s id e n t o f th e U SA to observe. Such a pool stim u la te s public th in k in g , a h e a lth y sig n in a fre e R epublic. T h e poll includes, in p a rt, th e follow in g: 1. Tax exemption on sale p rice of p riv a te hom e (u n d e r $20,000 realized b y seller 65 y e a rs o r o v e r). 2. Reduced taxes fo r indi- HiALIJE ЖИТТЯ — ТРАВЕНЬ, 1964 15
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