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- Ukrainian W oman - The Torch - Woman Candidacy W om en’s s u ffra g e inched up since th e 5 th c e n tu ry B.C., w hen P la to f ir s t voiced th e idea. T he E n g lish -sp eak in g w orld ra ise d th e T o rch in 1499 w hen E n g lish w om en sig n ed a p e titio n fo r th e r ig h t to vote. I t blazed in V ir g in ia in 1825, w hen a you n g S cotch w om an, F ra n c e s W rig h t u rg e d th e e n fra n c h ise m e n t of w om en in th e U .S.A . In 1836 E r n e stin e R ose, b o rn in P oland, d a u g h te r of a R ab bi w as b a n ish ed fo r h e r p ro g re ssiv e ideas. T his h and som e, eloquent, 26-year-old- w om an p re se n tly ap p eared in A l b an y , N. Y., w h ere sh e a t once c ircu late d a p e titio n fo r a law to enable m a rrie d w om en to hold p ro p e rty . H e r zeal n e tte d 5 sig n a tu re s. U n d au n ted , sh e con fro n te d th e S ta te le g isla tu re w ith th is “m u s ta rd seed ” of a vote, and w as allow ed to a d d ress t h a t body. W om en s u ffra g e “h a s m e t an o pp osition w hich in volum e, com p lex ity and u n to ld em o tional con te n t w as n e v er faced b y an y o th e r re fo rm .” Y et it h a s ste a d ily grow n. N ow , in 1964 T he T o rch is held a lo ft b y a 66-year-old w idow fro m M aine, S e n a to r M a rg a re t C hase S m ith ru n n in g fo r P re s i d e n t of th e U n ite d S ta te s of A m erica. H isto ry is re p le te w ith nam es of w om en su ccessfu l in h a n d lin g th e a ffa irs o f th e ir c o u n trie s. T he d iffe re n c e is th a t to d a y w om en achieve office by p o p u la r vote, b ased on th e ir q u a lific a tio n s. I t w as fo u n d le g isla tu re s could g iv e w om en th e v o te on p re sid e n tia l electo rs, an d in som e sta te s , th e m u nicipal an d o th e r fo rm s o f local fra n c h ise . I t w as th e c am p aig n to p e rsu a d e leg isla tu re s to su b m it to th e v o te rs A m en d m en ts to th e S ta te con s titu tio n s , c o n fe rrin g th e fu ll s u ffra g e w ith m en, th u s o ffe rin g th e only in sta n c e in th e w orld w h ere w om en th em se lv e s gave th e fra n c h ise to w om en. In 1920 th e 1 9th am e n d m e n t to th e C on s titu tio n a ssu re d u n iv e rsa l s u f fra g e to all w om en in th e n atio n . T h is p ith y -sp o k e n M aine lady can sum up a situ a tio n b efo re th e S en ate in 350 w ords. H er “fo u r h o rsem en of calu m n y — fe a r, ig n o ran ce, b ig o try an d sm e a r,” an d h e r D o ctrin e of Con science — “I t is h ig h tim e th a t w e sto p p ed th in k in g po litically as R epu blican s an d D em o crats a b o u t elections an d s ta rte d th in k in g p a trio tic a lly as A m eri cans a b o u t n a tio n a l se c u rity b ased on ind iv idu al fre e d o m ” a re now a p e rm a n e n t p a r t of our A m erican h e rita g e . W om en v o te rs in th e U SA o u t n u m b e r m en by 4,000,000; and a n y one w ho is given th e ir vote w ins. Sen. S m ith h e rse lf h a s ac clim ated public opinion to w om en h o lding th e n a tio n ’s h ig h e s t offices, by h e r ow n re m a rk a b le re co rd in office. H e r service in W a sh in g to n b e g a n in 1937 as se c re ta ry to h e r h u sb an d , Clyde H . S m ith , (U .S. R e p re se n ta tiv e , M aine, 2nd d is tr ic t) . A t h is d e a th in 1940 sh e w as elected to fill th e v a c a n c y ; an d co n tin u ed to serv e th e re u n til 1948, w hen sh e w as elected to th e S enate. She w as re-elected to th e S en ate in 1954 an d 1960 b y la rg e p lu ra litie s, m a k in g h e r one of th e n a tio n ’s to p v o te-g et- te rs . A ll to ld sh e h a s serv ed 25 consecutiv e y e a rs in C ongress. M aine, h e r n a tiv e s ta te h a s g iv en h e r an u n b ro k en s trin g of elections fo r m o re th a n 25 y e a r s : th e ir S en a to r, th e ir can d id a te fo r V ice-P resid en t an d now fo r P re sid e n t. In Ju n e 1961 h e r S en ate col leag u es app lau d ed h e r fo r h a v in g an sw ered 1,500 co n secu tive roll- call v otes, an all-tim e reco rd . She is know n fo r h e r h a rd w ork. She is th e only w om an to h av e serv ed b o th H ouse an d S en ate. C u rre n t ly sh e is th e ra n k in g R epublican on th e A e ro n au tica l an d Space Sciences C om m ittee, an d a M em b e r of th e p o w erfu l A rm ed S erv ices an d A p p ro p ria tio n s co m m it tees. A nd she is an in d ep en d en t v o ter. P rim a rie s h av e becom e m erely a p u b lic ity m a n e u v e r r a th e r th a n a m ean s of g a u g in g p o p u la r sen tim e n t in th e n atio n . T h ey in no w ay in d ic ate success in elec tio n s. C an d id ates h av e g o tte n all p rim a rie s an d n o t been n o m in a t ed. O th e rs h av e n o t been in th e p rim a rie s a t all an d w ere elect ed. Je a n W olcott P ip e r F R E E D O M CO M M ISSIO N On F e b ru a ry 20 th e UCCA p re sid e n t ap p e a re d and te s tifie d b efo re th e H ouse U n -A m erican A c tiv itie s C o m m ittee in fa v o r of th e p a ssa g e of th e F reed o m C om m ission an d A cadem y bills. T hese bills a re sine q u a nons fo r A m e ric a ’s cold w a r success. D r, D o b ria n sk y c riticized som e o f th e view s given b y U n d e rse c re ta r y A verill H a rrim a n , w ho a p p e a re d b e fo re h im in b e h a lf of th e S ta te D e p a rtm e n t. M em bers q u estio n ed th e p ro fe sso r a t len g th , as alm o st an h o u r w as sp e n t on th e sta te m e n t. T he F e b r u a r y 21 issu e of T he W a sh in g to n P o st devoted h a lf of its r e p o rt to th e U CCA s ta te m e n t, th o u g h th e c ap tio n re a d “ F re e dom A cadem y H it b y H a rrim a n a t H ouse H e a rin g .” T he UCCA p re sid e n t used “ th e Shevchenko a f f a ir ” as an exam ple of M os- cow -puppet cold w a r in filtra tio n . Wisdom is sometimes nearer when we stoop then when we soar. НАШЕ ЖИТТЯ — КВІТЕНЬ, 1964 19
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