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UKRAINIAN WOMAN OUR ENGLISH COLUMN THE WOMAN'S WORK IN SOVIET UKRAINE Aii -excerpt from the brief for the committee oil .the work of women, read at Conference of the International Council of Women, at Helsinki, Finland. ____________ In 1920, at the beginning of the bolshevik government, the toiling had been proclaimed as a duty binding for all. For some tasks (like labor in the kolkhozes), a mobilization o-f women- of 16-45 years of age has 'been instituted. In 1922 this act was repealed. The woman was then permitted to remain =at home, to 'take -care of the household and to rear the children.. But the woman did not return home. The young* -ones yearned for education and they -filled the vocational schools and colleges, but a married woman was hinder ed by the living conditions from doing so. The wage situation in> USSR is su'ch that one person’s wages can not -support a family. There is a constant lack of goods, at once with the high .cost of living. This problem has been often dwelt up on «by western writers, but let us characterize in-brief these econo mic conditions. The prilces fo-r food products are be і nig seit iby the bolshevik gov- •ernment. It imposes on the .pro ducts indirect taxes which bring large proceeds. For -example the government pays 6 kopeks for 1 kg. of rye, but 1 k,g. of rye bread is being sold for 2.70 rubles. A “food «basket”, needed for one person, as- compared with his wages, costs: -a worker in USSR 79.4% ; a worker in Sweden' 7% ; a worker iln U.S. 6.40%. This shows why the wife has been forced to go to work along with her husband in order to support the family. The govern ment regulations also contributed to this situation. Up to 1935 there was a rule in USSR that an adult gainfully not -employed, -could re ceive only a daily ration of 200 gr. (bread, so .as to show that those not working are cast aside. Hence the woman has always been forced to -work outside her home. ,She has been working be fore she /was married as well as after she was married and had children to care for. This pertain ed to all homeke-epers, and espe cially to peasant women whose farms were collectivized. In 1924 the urban population of Ukraine amounted to 18.5%, in 1934 _ 23% and in 1939 — 35%. These figures show the unusual trend of the village populace to the cities, whiich shifting was ac celerated by (collectivization, since, as it is k no луп , it was not effected voluntarily. The Soviet government used force even ven turing a fraudalently made fam ine which cost Ukraine over 7,- 000,000 lives', men, women and children. At that time also very many farmers left their villages fleein,g to cities in search of food. Among the displaced persons were men, but women, ’too, were try і mg to find a shelter in town while accepting any work avail able. According to official statistics the employm-ent o-f women in Uk raine was as 'follows1: In 1935 in mining and quarry ing the percentage of women workers was* 25.8% ; in iron ore work 21.4% ; in metallurgical m a nu a c fcu ring 21.3%. The statistics of manufactur ing cooperation show the extent to which the woman has penetrat ed the economic life of Soviet U k raine. In, 1937 the women repre sented 45.4% of the membership of 306,000 persons of the indus trial -cooperative shops. The American 'correspondents visiting Ukraine are noting the emqDloyment of women in various unu's-ual -for them professions like in construction of buildings and roads. The s'ubs!tian-c-e of the above ac count is that the woman in So viet Ukraine is bound to work to support the family and that she is being given heavy men’s1 tasks, too -often detrimental to her phy sique. x Olena Trofimowska. A UKRAINIAN WOMAN IN THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL RADA The third session of the U kra inian National Rada ('Council), the Ukrainian governmental cen ter in exile (in Western Europe) was held on March 3 last. The Ukrainian Democratic Alliance designated Mrs. Barbara Lukia novich as one of its representa tives in the Ukrainian National Rada. She is not the first Ukrainian parliamentarian, since there had been eleven women members in the Ukrainian Central Rada (par liament) in Kiev in 1917—1918. ЗБІРНИКИ для дош кілля ТА ПЕРШИХ КЛЯС ШКОЛИ Весна 50 ц. Літо 70 ц. Осінь 70 ц. Зима 50 ц. Казки, віршики, інсценівки, гри упорядкувала Марія Юркевич Замовляти в ЦЕНТРАЛІ СУА
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